Google Cloud Anthos: Complete Hybrid and Multi-Cloud Guide

Tyler Maginnis | January 30, 2024

Google CloudGCPAnthosKuberneteshybrid cloudmulti-cloudservice meshGitOps

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Google Cloud Anthos: Complete Hybrid and Multi-Cloud Guide

Google Cloud Anthos is an application modernization platform that enables you to build, deploy, and manage applications across on-premises, Google Cloud, and other public clouds. This guide covers implementing enterprise-grade hybrid and multi-cloud architectures.

Anthos Architecture Overview

Core Components and Setup

# anthos-platform-config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: anthos-platform-config
  namespace: anthos-system
data:
  platform: |
    # Anthos Platform Configuration
    components:
      - name: "Anthos Config Management"
        enabled: true
        version: "1.14.0"
      - name: "Anthos Service Mesh"
        enabled: true
        version: "1.16.0"
      - name: "Anthos Identity Service"
        enabled: true
        version: "0.5.0"
      - name: "Binary Authorization"
        enabled: true
      - name: "Policy Controller"
        enabled: true

    clusters:
      - name: "gke-production"
        type: "gke"
        location: "us-central1"
        tier: "production"
      - name: "anthos-onprem-prod"
        type: "anthos-bare-metal"
        location: "datacenter-1"
        tier: "production"
      - name: "eks-production"
        type: "attached-eks"
        location: "us-east-1"
        tier: "production"

Anthos Cluster Management

# anthos_cluster_manager.py
from google.cloud import gkehub_v1
from google.cloud import container_v1
from google.cloud import resourcemanager_v3
import yaml
import time
from typing import Dict, List, Any, Optional
import subprocess
import json

class AnthosClusterManager:
    """Manage Anthos clusters across environments"""

    def __init__(self, project_id: str):
        self.project_id = project_id
        self.hub_client = gkehub_v1.GkeHubClient()
        self.container_client = container_v1.ClusterManagerClient()
        self.project_path = f"projects/{project_id}"

    def register_gke_cluster(self, cluster_name: str, 
                           location: str,
                           membership_name: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
        """Register GKE cluster with Anthos"""

        membership_name = membership_name or f"{cluster_name}-membership"

        # Get cluster details
        cluster_path = (
            f"projects/{self.project_id}/locations/{location}"
            f"/clusters/{cluster_name}"
        )

        # Create membership
        membership = gkehub_v1.Membership(
            name=f"{self.project_path}/locations/global/memberships/{membership_name}",
            description=f"GKE cluster {cluster_name} in {location}",
            endpoint=gkehub_v1.MembershipEndpoint(
                gke_cluster=gkehub_v1.GkeCluster(
                    resource_link=cluster_path
                )
            ),
            external_id=f"{cluster_name}-{location}"
        )

        operation = self.hub_client.create_membership(
            parent=f"{self.project_path}/locations/global",
            membership_id=membership_name,
            membership=membership
        )

        result = operation.result()
        print(f"Registered GKE cluster: {result.name}")

        return result.name

    def attach_external_cluster(self, cluster_name: str,
                              platform: str,  # 'eks', 'aks', 'bare-metal'
                              kubeconfig_path: str) -> str:
        """Attach external cluster to Anthos"""

        membership_name = f"{cluster_name}-attached"

        # Generate manifest for the cluster
        manifest_yaml = self._generate_connect_manifest(
            membership_name, platform
        )

        # Apply manifest to external cluster
        subprocess.run([
            'kubectl', '--kubeconfig', kubeconfig_path,
            'apply', '-f', '-'
        ], input=manifest_yaml.encode(), check=True)

        # Wait for agent to be ready
        time.sleep(30)

        # Register membership
        membership = gkehub_v1.Membership(
            name=f"{self.project_path}/locations/global/memberships/{membership_name}",
            description=f"Attached {platform} cluster: {cluster_name}",
            external_id=f"{cluster_name}-{platform}"
        )

        operation = self.hub_client.create_membership(
            parent=f"{self.project_path}/locations/global",
            membership_id=membership_name,
            membership=membership
        )

        result = operation.result()
        print(f"Attached external cluster: {result.name}")

        return result.name

    def setup_anthos_bare_metal(self, cluster_config: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
        """Setup Anthos on bare metal"""

        # Create admin cluster configuration
        admin_config = {
            'apiVersion': 'baremetal.cluster.gke.io/v1',
            'kind': 'Cluster',
            'metadata': {
                'name': cluster_config['name'],
                'namespace': 'cluster-' + cluster_config['name']
            },
            'spec': {
                'type': 'admin',
                'anthosBareMetalVersion': cluster_config.get('version', '1.14.0'),
                'networkConfig': {
                    'islandModeCIDR': cluster_config.get('pod_cidr', '10.200.0.0/16'),
                    'servicesCIDR': cluster_config.get('service_cidr', '10.96.0.0/20'),
                    'loadBalancer': {
                        'mode': 'bundled',
                        'type': 'layer2',
                        'addressPools': cluster_config['load_balancer_pools']
                    }
                },
                'storage': {
                    'lvpNodeMounts': {
                        'path': '/mnt/localpv-disk',
                        'storageClassName': 'local-disks'
                    },
                    'lvpShare': {
                        'path': '/mnt/localpv-share',
                        'storageClassName': 'local-shared',
                        'sharedPathPVCount': 5
                    }
                },
                'nodeConfig': {
                    'podDensity': {
                        'maxPodsPerNode': 250
                    }
                },
                'clusterSecurity': {
                    'authorization': {
                        'clusterAdmin': {
                            'gcpAccounts': cluster_config['admin_users']
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        # Write configuration
        config_file = f'/tmp/{cluster_config["name"]}-config.yaml'
        with open(config_file, 'w') as f:
            yaml.dump(admin_config, f)

        # Create cluster
        subprocess.run([
            'bmctl', 'create', 'cluster',
            '-c', cluster_config['name'],
            '--kubeconfig', cluster_config.get('kubeconfig', '~/.kube/config')
        ], check=True)

        return cluster_config['name']

    def _generate_connect_manifest(self, membership_name: str,
                                 platform: str) -> str:
        """Generate Connect agent manifest"""

        # Get Connect agent configuration
        connect_config = subprocess.run([
            'gcloud', 'container', 'hub', 'memberships',
            'generate-gateway-rbac',
            '--membership', membership_name,
            '--role', 'clusterrole/cluster-admin',
            '--users', f'serviceAccount:{self.project_id}.svc.id.goog[gke-connect/connect-agent-sa]',
            '--project', self.project_id,
            '--format', 'yaml'
        ], capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)

        return connect_config.stdout

# Multi-cluster configuration
class MultiClusterConfigurator:
    """Configure multi-cluster features"""

    def __init__(self, project_id: str):
        self.project_id = project_id

    def enable_multi_cluster_ingress(self, config_cluster: str,
                                   member_clusters: List[str]):
        """Enable Multi-cluster Ingress"""

        # Create MultiClusterIngress configuration
        mci_config = {
            'apiVersion': 'networking.gke.io/v1',
            'kind': 'MultiClusterIngress',
            'metadata': {
                'name': 'app-ingress',
                'namespace': 'default'
            },
            'spec': {
                'template': {
                    'spec': {
                        'backend': {
                            'serviceName': 'app-service',
                            'servicePort': 80
                        },
                        'rules': [{
                            'host': 'app.example.com',
                            'http': {
                                'paths': [{
                                    'backend': {
                                        'serviceName': 'app-service',
                                        'servicePort': 80
                                    }
                                }]
                            }
                        }]
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        # Create MultiClusterService
        mcs_config = {
            'apiVersion': 'networking.gke.io/v1',
            'kind': 'MultiClusterService',
            'metadata': {
                'name': 'app-service',
                'namespace': 'default'
            },
            'spec': {
                'template': {
                    'spec': {
                        'selector': {
                            'app': 'myapp'
                        },
                        'ports': [{
                            'name': 'http',
                            'protocol': 'TCP',
                            'port': 80,
                            'targetPort': 8080
                        }]
                    }
                },
                'clusters': member_clusters
            }
        }

        # Apply configurations
        self._apply_to_config_cluster(config_cluster, [mci_config, mcs_config])

    def setup_multi_cluster_mesh(self, clusters: List[Dict[str, str]]):
        """Setup multi-cluster service mesh"""

        # Install ASM on each cluster
        for cluster in clusters:
            self._install_asm(cluster)

        # Create cross-cluster connectivity
        for i, cluster1 in enumerate(clusters):
            for cluster2 in clusters[i+1:]:
                self._create_cluster_peer(cluster1, cluster2)

    def _install_asm(self, cluster: Dict[str, str]):
        """Install Anthos Service Mesh on cluster"""

        install_script = f'''
        curl https://storage.googleapis.com/csm-artifacts/asm/asmcli_{cluster.get("asm_version", "1.16")}_linux_amd64 > asmcli
        chmod +x asmcli

        ./asmcli install \
          --project_id {self.project_id} \
          --cluster_name {cluster["name"]} \
          --cluster_location {cluster["location"]} \
          --enable_all \
          --ca mesh_ca
        '''

        subprocess.run(['bash', '-c', install_script], check=True)

    def _create_cluster_peer(self, cluster1: Dict[str, str],
                           cluster2: Dict[str, str]):
        """Create peering between clusters"""

        # Exchange root certificates
        subprocess.run([
            'kubectl', '--context', cluster1['context'],
            'get', 'secret', 'cacerts', '-n', 'istio-system',
            '-o', 'yaml'
        ], check=True)

        # Create endpoint slices for cross-cluster discovery
        print(f"Created peering between {cluster1['name']} and {cluster2['name']}")

    def _apply_to_config_cluster(self, cluster: str, configs: List[Dict]):
        """Apply configurations to config cluster"""

        for config in configs:
            yaml_content = yaml.dump(config)
            subprocess.run([
                'kubectl', '--context', cluster,
                'apply', '-f', '-'
            ], input=yaml_content.encode(), check=True)

Anthos Config Management

GitOps Implementation

# config-management-operator.yaml
apiVersion: configmanagement.gke.io/v1
kind: ConfigManagement
metadata:
  name: config-management
spec:
  # Enable multi-repo mode
  enableMultiRepo: true

  # Policy Controller configuration
  policyController:
    enabled: true
    templateLibraryInstalled: true
    logDeniesEnabled: true
    referentialRulesEnabled: true

  # Metrics configuration
  metrics:
    enabled: true
---
# Root repository configuration
apiVersion: configmanagement.gke.io/v1
kind: RootSync
metadata:
  name: root-sync
  namespace: config-management-system
spec:
  sourceFormat: unstructured
  git:
    repo: https://github.com/example/anthos-config-root
    branch: main
    dir: "clusters/production"
    auth: token
    secretRef:
      name: git-creds
---
# Namespace repository
apiVersion: configmanagement.gke.io/v1
kind: RepoSync
metadata:
  name: repo-sync
  namespace: app-team
spec:
  sourceFormat: unstructured
  git:
    repo: https://github.com/example/app-team-config
    branch: main
    dir: "namespaces/app-team"
    auth: token
    secretRef:
      name: git-creds

Policy Management

# policy_management.py
from typing import Dict, List, Any
import yaml
import os

class AnthossPolicyManager:
    """Manage Anthos policies across clusters"""

    def __init__(self, config_repo_path: str):
        self.config_repo_path = config_repo_path

    def create_security_policies(self):
        """Create security policies for Anthos clusters"""

        # Pod Security Policy
        psp_policy = {
            'apiVersion': 'policy/v1beta1',
            'kind': 'PodSecurityPolicy',
            'metadata': {
                'name': 'restricted',
                'annotations': {
                    'configmanagement.gke.io/cluster-selector': 'env-production'
                }
            },
            'spec': {
                'privileged': False,
                'allowPrivilegeEscalation': False,
                'requiredDropCapabilities': ['ALL'],
                'volumes': ['configMap', 'emptyDir', 'projected', 'secret', 'downwardAPI', 'persistentVolumeClaim'],
                'hostNetwork': False,
                'hostIPC': False,
                'hostPID': False,
                'runAsUser': {
                    'rule': 'MustRunAsNonRoot'
                },
                'seLinux': {
                    'rule': 'RunAsAny'
                },
                'supplementalGroups': {
                    'rule': 'RunAsAny'
                },
                'fsGroup': {
                    'rule': 'RunAsAny'
                },
                'readOnlyRootFilesystem': False
            }
        }

        # Network Policy
        network_policy = {
            'apiVersion': 'networking.k8s.io/v1',
            'kind': 'NetworkPolicy',
            'metadata': {
                'name': 'default-deny-ingress',
                'namespace': 'production',
                'annotations': {
                    'configmanagement.gke.io/cluster-selector': 'env-production'
                }
            },
            'spec': {
                'podSelector': {},
                'policyTypes': ['Ingress']
            }
        }

        # Resource Quotas
        resource_quota = {
            'apiVersion': 'v1',
            'kind': 'ResourceQuota',
            'metadata': {
                'name': 'compute-quota',
                'namespace': 'production',
                'annotations': {
                    'configmanagement.gke.io/cluster-selector': 'env-production'
                }
            },
            'spec': {
                'hard': {
                    'requests.cpu': '1000',
                    'requests.memory': '200Gi',
                    'persistentvolumeclaims': '10',
                    'services.loadbalancers': '2'
                }
            }
        }

        # Save policies to config repo
        policies = [psp_policy, network_policy, resource_quota]
        for policy in policies:
            self._save_policy(policy)

    def create_opa_constraints(self):
        """Create OPA Gatekeeper constraints"""

        # Constraint template for required labels
        required_labels_template = {
            'apiVersion': 'templates.gatekeeper.sh/v1beta1',
            'kind': 'ConstraintTemplate',
            'metadata': {
                'name': 'k8srequiredlabels'
            },
            'spec': {
                'crd': {
                    'spec': {
                        'names': {
                            'kind': 'K8sRequiredLabels'
                        },
                        'validation': {
                            'openAPIV3Schema': {
                                'type': 'object',
                                'properties': {
                                    'labels': {
                                        'type': 'array',
                                        'items': {
                                            'type': 'string'
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                'targets': [{
                    'target': 'admission.k8s.gatekeeper.sh',
                    'rego': '''
package k8srequiredlabels

violation[{"msg": msg, "details": {"missing_labels": missing}}] {
    required := input.parameters.labels
    provided := input.review.object.metadata.labels
    missing := required[_]
    not provided[missing]
    msg := sprintf("You must provide labels: %v", [missing])
}
                    '''
                }]
            }
        }

        # Constraint instance
        required_labels_constraint = {
            'apiVersion': 'constraints.gatekeeper.sh/v1beta1',
            'kind': 'K8sRequiredLabels',
            'metadata': {
                'name': 'must-have-environment'
            },
            'spec': {
                'match': {
                    'kinds': [{
                        'apiGroups': ['apps'],
                        'kinds': ['Deployment', 'StatefulSet']
                    }],
                    'namespaces': ['production', 'staging']
                },
                'parameters': {
                    'labels': ['environment', 'team', 'app']
                }
            }
        }

        # Container image policy
        allowed_repos_template = {
            'apiVersion': 'templates.gatekeeper.sh/v1beta1',
            'kind': 'ConstraintTemplate',
            'metadata': {
                'name': 'k8sallowedrepos'
            },
            'spec': {
                'crd': {
                    'spec': {
                        'names': {
                            'kind': 'K8sAllowedRepos'
                        },
                        'validation': {
                            'openAPIV3Schema': {
                                'type': 'object',
                                'properties': {
                                    'repos': {
                                        'type': 'array',
                                        'items': {
                                            'type': 'string'
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                'targets': [{
                    'target': 'admission.k8s.gatekeeper.sh',
                    'rego': '''
package k8sallowedrepos

violation[{"msg": msg}] {
    container := input.review.object.spec.containers[_]
    not strings.any_prefix_match(container.image, input.parameters.repos)
    msg := sprintf("Container image %v is not from allowed repositories", [container.image])
}

strings.any_prefix_match(image, repos) {
    repo := repos[_]
    startswith(image, repo)
}
                    '''
                }]
            }
        }

        allowed_repos_constraint = {
            'apiVersion': 'constraints.gatekeeper.sh/v1beta1',
            'kind': 'K8sAllowedRepos',
            'metadata': {
                'name': 'prod-repo-whitelist'
            },
            'spec': {
                'match': {
                    'kinds': [{
                        'apiGroups': ['apps', ''],
                        'kinds': ['Deployment', 'StatefulSet', 'Pod']
                    }],
                    'namespaces': ['production']
                },
                'parameters': {
                    'repos': [
                        'gcr.io/my-project/',
                        'us-docker.pkg.dev/my-project/'
                    ]
                }
            }
        }

        # Save constraints
        constraints = [
            required_labels_template, required_labels_constraint,
            allowed_repos_template, allowed_repos_constraint
        ]

        for constraint in constraints:
            self._save_policy(constraint)

    def create_hierarchical_namespaces(self):
        """Create hierarchical namespace configuration"""

        # Parent namespace
        parent_namespace = {
            'apiVersion': 'v1',
            'kind': 'Namespace',
            'metadata': {
                'name': 'team-platform',
                'labels': {
                    'team': 'platform'
                }
            }
        }

        # Subnamespace
        subnamespace = {
            'apiVersion': 'hnc.x-k8s.io/v1alpha2',
            'kind': 'SubnamespaceAnchor',
            'metadata': {
                'name': 'team-platform-dev',
                'namespace': 'team-platform'
            }
        }

        # Hierarchical resource quota
        hrq = {
            'apiVersion': 'v1',
            'kind': 'ResourceQuota',
            'metadata': {
                'name': 'team-quota',
                'namespace': 'team-platform',
                'annotations': {
                    'hnc.x-k8s.io/inheritable': 'true'
                }
            },
            'spec': {
                'hard': {
                    'requests.cpu': '100',
                    'requests.memory': '100Gi'
                }
            }
        }

        configs = [parent_namespace, subnamespace, hrq]
        for config in configs:
            self._save_policy(config)

    def _save_policy(self, policy: Dict[str, Any]):
        """Save policy to config repository"""

        # Determine file path based on policy type
        kind = policy['kind'].lower()
        namespace = policy['metadata'].get('namespace', 'cluster')
        name = policy['metadata']['name']

        if namespace == 'cluster':
            file_path = f"{self.config_repo_path}/cluster/{kind}-{name}.yaml"
        else:
            file_path = f"{self.config_repo_path}/namespaces/{namespace}/{kind}-{name}.yaml"

        # Create directory if needed
        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(file_path), exist_ok=True)

        # Write policy
        with open(file_path, 'w') as f:
            yaml.dump(policy, f, default_flow_style=False)

        print(f"Saved policy: {file_path}")

Anthos Service Mesh

Service Mesh Configuration

# asm-control-plane.yaml
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
metadata:
  name: asm-control-plane
spec:
  profile: asm-gcp
  hub: gcr.io/gke-release/asm
  tag: 1.16.0-asm.0

  meshConfig:
    accessLogFile: /dev/stdout
    defaultConfig:
      proxyStatsMatcher:
        inclusionRegexps:
        - ".*outlier_detection.*"
        - ".*osconfig.*"
        inclusionSuffixes:
        - "upstream_rq_retry"
        - "upstream_rq_pending"
        - "downstream_rq_time"

  values:
    # Enable telemetry v2
    telemetry:
      v2:
        prometheus:
          configOverride:
            inboundSidecar:
              disable_host_header_fallback: true
            outboundSidecar:
              disable_host_header_fallback: true
            gateway:
              disable_host_header_fallback: true

    # Multi-cluster configuration
    pilot:
      env:
        PILOT_ENABLE_WORKLOAD_ENTRY_AUTOREGISTRATION: true
        PILOT_ENABLE_CROSS_CLUSTER_WORKLOAD_ENTRY: true

    # CNI configuration
    cni:
      enabled: true

    # Security configuration  
    global:
      mtls:
        auto: true

Advanced Traffic Management

# traffic_management.py
import yaml
from typing import Dict, List, Any, Optional

class ServiceMeshTrafficManager:
    """Manage traffic policies in Anthos Service Mesh"""

    def __init__(self, cluster_contexts: List[str]):
        self.cluster_contexts = cluster_contexts

    def create_multi_cluster_service(self, service_name: str,
                                   namespace: str,
                                   clusters: List[Dict[str, Any]]):
        """Create multi-cluster service configuration"""

        # ServiceEntry for cross-cluster communication
        service_entry = {
            'apiVersion': 'networking.istio.io/v1beta1',
            'kind': 'ServiceEntry',
            'metadata': {
                'name': f'{service_name}-cross-cluster',
                'namespace': namespace
            },
            'spec': {
                'hosts': [f'{service_name}.{namespace}.global'],
                'location': 'MESH_EXTERNAL',
                'ports': [{
                    'number': 8080,
                    'name': 'http',
                    'protocol': 'HTTP'
                }],
                'resolution': 'DNS',
                'endpoints': []
            }
        }

        # Add endpoints from each cluster
        for cluster in clusters:
            service_entry['spec']['endpoints'].append({
                'address': cluster['endpoint'],
                'priority': cluster.get('priority', 0),
                'weight': cluster.get('weight', 100),
                'labels': {
                    'cluster': cluster['name'],
                    'region': cluster['region']
                }
            })

        # DestinationRule for load balancing
        destination_rule = {
            'apiVersion': 'networking.istio.io/v1beta1',
            'kind': 'DestinationRule',
            'metadata': {
                'name': f'{service_name}-cross-cluster',
                'namespace': namespace
            },
            'spec': {
                'host': f'{service_name}.{namespace}.global',
                'trafficPolicy': {
                    'connectionPool': {
                        'tcp': {
                            'maxConnections': 100
                        },
                        'http': {
                            'http1MaxPendingRequests': 100,
                            'http2MaxRequests': 100,
                            'maxRequestsPerConnection': 1
                        }
                    },
                    'loadBalancer': {
                        'simple': 'LEAST_REQUEST'
                    },
                    'outlierDetection': {
                        'consecutiveErrors': 5,
                        'interval': '30s',
                        'baseEjectionTime': '30s',
                        'maxEjectionPercent': 50,
                        'minHealthPercent': 30
                    }
                },
                'subsets': []
            }
        }

        # Add subset for each cluster
        for cluster in clusters:
            destination_rule['spec']['subsets'].append({
                'name': cluster['name'],
                'labels': {
                    'cluster': cluster['name']
                },
                'trafficPolicy': {
                    'portLevelSettings': [{
                        'port': {
                            'number': 8080
                        },
                        'loadBalancer': {
                            'consistentHash': {
                                'httpHeaderName': 'x-session-id'
                            }
                        }
                    }]
                }
            })

        return service_entry, destination_rule

    def create_canary_deployment(self, service_name: str,
                               namespace: str,
                               stable_version: str,
                               canary_version: str,
                               canary_weight: int = 10):
        """Create canary deployment configuration"""

        # VirtualService for traffic splitting
        virtual_service = {
            'apiVersion': 'networking.istio.io/v1beta1',
            'kind': 'VirtualService',
            'metadata': {
                'name': service_name,
                'namespace': namespace
            },
            'spec': {
                'hosts': [service_name],
                'http': [{
                    'match': [{
                        'headers': {
                            'x-canary': {
                                'exact': 'true'
                            }
                        }
                    }],
                    'route': [{
                        'destination': {
                            'host': service_name,
                            'subset': canary_version
                        }
                    }]
                }, {
                    'route': [{
                        'destination': {
                            'host': service_name,
                            'subset': stable_version
                        },
                        'weight': 100 - canary_weight
                    }, {
                        'destination': {
                            'host': service_name,
                            'subset': canary_version
                        },
                        'weight': canary_weight
                    }]
                }]
            }
        }

        # DestinationRule for subsets
        destination_rule = {
            'apiVersion': 'networking.istio.io/v1beta1',
            'kind': 'DestinationRule',
            'metadata': {
                'name': service_name,
                'namespace': namespace
            },
            'spec': {
                'host': service_name,
                'subsets': [{
                    'name': stable_version,
                    'labels': {
                        'version': stable_version
                    }
                }, {
                    'name': canary_version,
                    'labels': {
                        'version': canary_version
                    }
                }]
            }
        }

        return virtual_service, destination_rule

    def create_circuit_breaker(self, service_name: str,
                             namespace: str,
                             max_requests: int = 100,
                             max_pending: int = 100,
                             consecutive_errors: int = 5):
        """Create circuit breaker configuration"""

        destination_rule = {
            'apiVersion': 'networking.istio.io/v1beta1',
            'kind': 'DestinationRule',
            'metadata': {
                'name': f'{service_name}-circuit-breaker',
                'namespace': namespace
            },
            'spec': {
                'host': service_name,
                'trafficPolicy': {
                    'connectionPool': {
                        'tcp': {
                            'maxConnections': max_requests
                        },
                        'http': {
                            'http1MaxPendingRequests': max_pending,
                            'http2MaxRequests': max_requests,
                            'maxRequestsPerConnection': 1,
                            'h2UpgradePolicy': 'UPGRADE'
                        }
                    },
                    'outlierDetection': {
                        'consecutiveErrors': consecutive_errors,
                        'interval': '30s',
                        'baseEjectionTime': '30s',
                        'maxEjectionPercent': 100,
                        'minHealthPercent': 0,
                        'splitExternalLocalOriginErrors': True
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return destination_rule

    def create_retry_policy(self, service_name: str,
                          namespace: str,
                          attempts: int = 3,
                          per_try_timeout: str = '2s'):
        """Create retry policy"""

        virtual_service = {
            'apiVersion': 'networking.istio.io/v1beta1',
            'kind': 'VirtualService',
            'metadata': {
                'name': f'{service_name}-retry',
                'namespace': namespace
            },
            'spec': {
                'hosts': [service_name],
                'http': [{
                    'route': [{
                        'destination': {
                            'host': service_name
                        }
                    }],
                    'retries': {
                        'attempts': attempts,
                        'perTryTimeout': per_try_timeout,
                        'retryOn': 'gateway-error,connect-failure,refused-stream'
                    },
                    'timeout': '10s'
                }]
            }
        }

        return virtual_service

# Service mesh security
class ServiceMeshSecurity:
    """Manage service mesh security policies"""

    def create_authorization_policy(self, namespace: str,
                                  service_name: str,
                                  allowed_namespaces: List[str]):
        """Create authorization policy"""

        auth_policy = {
            'apiVersion': 'security.istio.io/v1beta1',
            'kind': 'AuthorizationPolicy',
            'metadata': {
                'name': f'{service_name}-authz',
                'namespace': namespace
            },
            'spec': {
                'selector': {
                    'matchLabels': {
                        'app': service_name
                    }
                },
                'action': 'ALLOW',
                'rules': [{
                    'from': [{
                        'source': {
                            'namespaces': allowed_namespaces
                        }
                    }],
                    'to': [{
                        'operation': {
                            'methods': ['GET', 'POST']
                        }
                    }]
                }]
            }
        }

        return auth_policy

    def create_peer_authentication(self, namespace: str,
                                 mode: str = 'STRICT'):
        """Create peer authentication policy"""

        peer_auth = {
            'apiVersion': 'security.istio.io/v1beta1',
            'kind': 'PeerAuthentication',
            'metadata': {
                'name': 'default',
                'namespace': namespace
            },
            'spec': {
                'mtls': {
                    'mode': mode
                }
            }
        }

        return peer_auth

Identity and Access Management

Anthos Identity Service

# identity_management.py
from google.cloud import iam_v1
from google.cloud import secretmanager
import ldap3
import yaml
from typing import Dict, List, Any
import subprocess

class AnthosIdentityManager:
    """Manage identity and access in Anthos"""

    def __init__(self, project_id: str):
        self.project_id = project_id
        self.iam_client = iam_v1.IAMClient()
        self.secret_client = secretmanager.SecretManagerServiceClient()

    def setup_oidc_provider(self, cluster_name: str,
                          provider_config: Dict[str, Any]):
        """Setup OIDC provider for cluster"""

        # Create OIDC configuration
        oidc_config = {
            'apiVersion': 'authentication.gke.io/v1alpha1',
            'kind': 'ClientConfig',
            'metadata': {
                'name': 'default',
                'namespace': 'kube-public'
            },
            'spec': {
                'authentication': [{
                    'name': provider_config['name'],
                    'oidc': {
                        'clientID': provider_config['client_id'],
                        'clientSecret': provider_config['client_secret'],
                        'extraParams': 'prompt=consent,access_type=offline',
                        'issuerURI': provider_config['issuer_uri'],
                        'kubectlRedirectURI': 'http://localhost:8000/callback',
                        'scopes': 'email,profile,openid',
                        'userClaim': provider_config.get('user_claim', 'email'),
                        'groupsClaim': provider_config.get('groups_claim', 'groups')
                    }
                }],
                'certificateAuthorityData': provider_config.get('ca_data', '')
            }
        }

        # Apply configuration to cluster
        self._apply_to_cluster(cluster_name, oidc_config)

        # Create RBAC bindings for groups
        if 'group_bindings' in provider_config:
            self._create_group_rbac_bindings(
                cluster_name, 
                provider_config['group_bindings']
            )

    def setup_ldap_sync(self, cluster_name: str,
                       ldap_config: Dict[str, Any]):
        """Setup LDAP synchronization"""

        # Connect to LDAP
        server = ldap3.Server(
            ldap_config['host'],
            port=ldap_config.get('port', 389),
            use_ssl=ldap_config.get('use_ssl', False)
        )

        conn = ldap3.Connection(
            server,
            ldap_config['bind_dn'],
            ldap_config['bind_password'],
            auto_bind=True
        )

        # Search for users
        conn.search(
            ldap_config['user_search_base'],
            ldap_config['user_search_filter'],
            attributes=['uid', 'mail', 'memberOf']
        )

        users = []
        groups = {}

        for entry in conn.entries:
            user = {
                'username': str(entry.uid),
                'email': str(entry.mail),
                'groups': []
            }

            # Process group memberships
            if hasattr(entry, 'memberOf'):
                for group_dn in entry.memberOf:
                    group_name = self._extract_group_name(str(group_dn))
                    user['groups'].append(group_name)

                    if group_name not in groups:
                        groups[group_name] = []
                    groups[group_name].append(user['username'])

            users.append(user)

        # Create Kubernetes users and groups
        self._sync_users_to_cluster(cluster_name, users, groups)

    def create_workload_identity_binding(self, namespace: str,
                                       service_account: str,
                                       gcp_service_account: str):
        """Create Workload Identity binding"""

        # Create Kubernetes service account
        k8s_sa = {
            'apiVersion': 'v1',
            'kind': 'ServiceAccount',
            'metadata': {
                'name': service_account,
                'namespace': namespace,
                'annotations': {
                    'iam.gke.io/gcp-service-account': f'{gcp_service_account}@{self.project_id}.iam.gserviceaccount.com'
                }
            }
        }

        # Create IAM policy binding
        policy_binding = {
            'role': 'roles/iam.workloadIdentityUser',
            'members': [
                f'serviceAccount:{self.project_id}.svc.id.goog[{namespace}/{service_account}]'
            ]
        }

        # Apply configurations
        subprocess.run([
            'gcloud', 'iam', 'service-accounts', 'add-iam-policy-binding',
            f'{gcp_service_account}@{self.project_id}.iam.gserviceaccount.com',
            '--role', policy_binding['role'],
            '--member', policy_binding['members'][0]
        ], check=True)

        return k8s_sa

    def create_rbac_policies(self, policies: List[Dict[str, Any]]):
        """Create RBAC policies"""

        rbac_configs = []

        for policy in policies:
            # Create Role
            role = {
                'apiVersion': 'rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1',
                'kind': 'Role' if policy.get('namespace') else 'ClusterRole',
                'metadata': {
                    'name': policy['name']
                },
                'rules': policy['rules']
            }

            if policy.get('namespace'):
                role['metadata']['namespace'] = policy['namespace']

            rbac_configs.append(role)

            # Create RoleBinding
            binding = {
                'apiVersion': 'rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1',
                'kind': 'RoleBinding' if policy.get('namespace') else 'ClusterRoleBinding',
                'metadata': {
                    'name': f"{policy['name']}-binding"
                },
                'roleRef': {
                    'apiGroup': 'rbac.authorization.k8s.io',
                    'kind': 'Role' if policy.get('namespace') else 'ClusterRole',
                    'name': policy['name']
                },
                'subjects': policy['subjects']
            }

            if policy.get('namespace'):
                binding['metadata']['namespace'] = policy['namespace']

            rbac_configs.append(binding)

        return rbac_configs

    def _create_group_rbac_bindings(self, cluster_name: str,
                                  group_bindings: Dict[str, str]):
        """Create RBAC bindings for OIDC groups"""

        for group, role in group_bindings.items():
            binding = {
                'apiVersion': 'rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1',
                'kind': 'ClusterRoleBinding',
                'metadata': {
                    'name': f'oidc-{group}-{role}'
                },
                'roleRef': {
                    'apiGroup': 'rbac.authorization.k8s.io',
                    'kind': 'ClusterRole',
                    'name': role
                },
                'subjects': [{
                    'kind': 'Group',
                    'name': group,
                    'apiGroup': 'rbac.authorization.k8s.io'
                }]
            }

            self._apply_to_cluster(cluster_name, binding)

    def _extract_group_name(self, group_dn: str) -> str:
        """Extract group name from LDAP DN"""

        # Extract CN from DN
        parts = group_dn.split(',')
        for part in parts:
            if part.startswith('CN='):
                return part[3:]
        return group_dn

    def _sync_users_to_cluster(self, cluster_name: str,
                             users: List[Dict[str, Any]],
                             groups: Dict[str, List[str]]):
        """Sync users and groups to cluster"""

        # This is a simplified example
        # In production, you would use a proper identity provider
        print(f"Syncing {len(users)} users and {len(groups)} groups to {cluster_name}")

    def _apply_to_cluster(self, cluster_name: str, config: Dict[str, Any]):
        """Apply configuration to cluster"""

        yaml_content = yaml.dump(config)
        subprocess.run([
            'kubectl', '--context', cluster_name,
            'apply', '-f', '-'
        ], input=yaml_content.encode(), check=True)

Observability and Monitoring

Unified Monitoring Setup

# monitoring-config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: anthos-monitoring
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval: 30s
      evaluation_interval: 30s
      external_labels:
        cluster: '${CLUSTER_NAME}'
        project: '${PROJECT_ID}'

    # Remote write to Cloud Monitoring
    remote_write:
    - url: https://monitoring.googleapis.com/v1/projects/${PROJECT_ID}/location/global/prometheus/api/v1/write
      queue_config:
        capacity: 10000
        max_shards: 200
        min_shards: 1
        max_samples_per_send: 10000
        batch_send_deadline: 5s
        min_backoff: 30ms
        max_backoff: 100ms
      write_relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__name__]
        regex: 'up|container_.*|node_.*|kube_.*|istio_.*'
        action: keep

    scrape_configs:
    # Kubernetes API server
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https

    # Kubelet metrics
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)

    # Istio metrics
    - job_name: 'istio-mesh'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
        namespaces:
          names:
          - istio-system
          - istio-gateway
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: istio-telemetry;prometheus

Observability Implementation

# observability.py
from google.cloud import monitoring_v3
from google.cloud import logging_v2
from google.cloud import trace_v2
import time
from typing import Dict, List, Any

class AnthosObservability:
    """Implement observability for Anthos clusters"""

    def __init__(self, project_id: str):
        self.project_id = project_id
        self.monitoring_client = monitoring_v3.MetricServiceClient()
        self.logging_client = logging_v2.LoggingServiceClient()
        self.trace_client = trace_v2.TraceServiceClient()
        self.project_name = f"projects/{project_id}"

    def create_slo_monitoring(self, service_name: str,
                            slo_config: Dict[str, Any]):
        """Create SLO monitoring for services"""

        # Create custom metric for SLI
        sli_metric = monitoring_v3.MetricDescriptor(
            type=f"custom.googleapis.com/{service_name}/availability",
            metric_kind=monitoring_v3.MetricDescriptor.MetricKind.GAUGE,
            value_type=monitoring_v3.MetricDescriptor.ValueType.DOUBLE,
            display_name=f"{service_name} Availability",
            description="Service availability as measured by successful requests"
        )

        self.monitoring_client.create_metric_descriptor(
            name=self.project_name,
            metric_descriptor=sli_metric
        )

        # Create SLO alert policy
        alert_policy = monitoring_v3.AlertPolicy(
            display_name=f"{service_name} SLO Violation",
            conditions=[
                monitoring_v3.AlertPolicy.Condition(
                    display_name="SLO burn rate too high",
                    condition_threshold=monitoring_v3.AlertPolicy.Condition.MetricThreshold(
                        filter=f'''
                            resource.type="k8s_service"
                            AND resource.labels.service_name="{service_name}"
                            AND metric.type="custom.googleapis.com/{service_name}/error_rate"
                        ''',
                        comparison=monitoring_v3.ComparisonType.COMPARISON_GT,
                        threshold_value=slo_config['error_budget_burn_rate'],
                        duration=monitoring_v3.Duration(seconds=300),
                        aggregations=[
                            monitoring_v3.Aggregation(
                                alignment_period=monitoring_v3.Duration(seconds=60),
                                per_series_aligner=monitoring_v3.Aggregation.Aligner.ALIGN_RATE
                            )
                        ]
                    )
                )
            ],
            notification_channels=slo_config.get('notification_channels', [])
        )

        self.monitoring_client.create_alert_policy(
            name=self.project_name,
            alert_policy=alert_policy
        )

    def create_multi_cluster_dashboard(self, clusters: List[str]):
        """Create multi-cluster monitoring dashboard"""

        from google.cloud import monitoring_dashboard_v1

        dashboard_client = monitoring_dashboard_v1.DashboardsServiceClient()

        # Dashboard configuration
        dashboard = {
            "displayName": "Anthos Multi-Cluster Overview",
            "mosaicLayout": {
                "columns": 12,
                "tiles": [
                    # Cluster health overview
                    {
                        "width": 6,
                        "height": 4,
                        "widget": {
                            "title": "Cluster Health",
                            "scorecard": {
                                "timeSeriesQuery": {
                                    "timeSeriesFilter": {
                                        "filter": 'resource.type="k8s_cluster" metric.type="kubernetes.io/node/cpu/allocatable_utilization"',
                                        "aggregation": {
                                            "alignmentPeriod": "60s",
                                            "perSeriesAligner": "ALIGN_MEAN",
                                            "crossSeriesReducer": "REDUCE_MEAN",
                                            "groupByFields": ["resource.cluster_name"]
                                        }
                                    }
                                },
                                "sparkChartView": {
                                    "sparkChartType": "SPARK_LINE"
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    # Service mesh traffic
                    {
                        "xPos": 6,
                        "width": 6,
                        "height": 4,
                        "widget": {
                            "title": "Service Mesh Traffic",
                            "xyChart": {
                                "dataSets": [{
                                    "timeSeriesQuery": {
                                        "timeSeriesFilter": {
                                            "filter": 'resource.type="k8s_container" metric.type="istio.io/service/server/request_count"',
                                            "aggregation": {
                                                "alignmentPeriod": "60s",
                                                "perSeriesAligner": "ALIGN_RATE",
                                                "crossSeriesReducer": "REDUCE_SUM",
                                                "groupByFields": ["metric.destination_service_name"]
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }]
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    # Cross-cluster latency
                    {
                        "yPos": 4,
                        "width": 12,
                        "height": 4,
                        "widget": {
                            "title": "Cross-Cluster Latency",
                            "xyChart": {
                                "dataSets": [{
                                    "timeSeriesQuery": {
                                        "timeSeriesFilter": {
                                            "filter": 'resource.type="k8s_container" metric.type="istio.io/service/server/response_latencies"',
                                            "aggregation": {
                                                "alignmentPeriod": "60s",
                                                "perSeriesAligner": "ALIGN_DELTA",
                                                "crossSeriesReducer": "REDUCE_PERCENTILE_95",
                                                "groupByFields": ["metric.source_workload", "metric.destination_workload"]
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }]
                            }
                        }
                    }
                ]
            }
        }

        response = dashboard_client.create_dashboard(
            parent=self.project_name,
            dashboard=monitoring_dashboard_v1.Dashboard(dashboard)
        )

        return response

    def setup_distributed_tracing(self, clusters: List[str]):
        """Setup distributed tracing across clusters"""

        # Configure OpenTelemetry collector for each cluster
        otel_config = {
            'apiVersion': 'v1',
            'kind': 'ConfigMap',
            'metadata': {
                'name': 'otel-collector-config',
                'namespace': 'istio-system'
            },
            'data': {
                'otel-collector-config.yaml': '''
receivers:
  zipkin:
    endpoint: 0.0.0.0:9411
  otlp:
    protocols:
      grpc:
        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4317
      http:
        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4318

processors:
  batch:
    timeout: 10s
    send_batch_size: 1024
  resource:
    attributes:
    - key: cluster.name
      value: ${CLUSTER_NAME}
      action: insert
    - key: project.id
      value: ${PROJECT_ID}
      action: insert

exporters:
  googlecloud:
    project: ${PROJECT_ID}

service:
  pipelines:
    traces:
      receivers: [zipkin, otlp]
      processors: [batch, resource]
      exporters: [googlecloud]
                '''
            }
        }

        # Deploy to each cluster
        for cluster in clusters:
            subprocess.run([
                'kubectl', '--context', cluster,
                'apply', '-f', '-'
            ], input=yaml.dump(otel_config).encode(), check=True)

Migration and Modernization

Application Migration Strategy

# migration_strategy.py
import subprocess
import yaml
from typing import Dict, List, Any, Optional
import docker
import os

class AnthosaMigrationManager:
    """Manage application migration to Anthos"""

    def __init__(self, project_id: str):
        self.project_id = project_id
        self.docker_client = docker.from_env()

    def analyze_application(self, app_path: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Analyze application for migration readiness"""

        analysis = {
            'containerizable': True,
            'dependencies': [],
            'recommendations': [],
            'estimated_effort': 'medium'
        }

        # Check for Dockerfile
        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(app_path, 'Dockerfile')):
            analysis['has_dockerfile'] = True
        else:
            analysis['has_dockerfile'] = False
            analysis['recommendations'].append('Create Dockerfile for containerization')

        # Check for common dependencies
        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(app_path, 'pom.xml')):
            analysis['framework'] = 'java-maven'
            analysis['dependencies'].extend(self._analyze_maven_deps(app_path))
        elif os.path.exists(os.path.join(app_path, 'package.json')):
            analysis['framework'] = 'nodejs'
            analysis['dependencies'].extend(self._analyze_npm_deps(app_path))
        elif os.path.exists(os.path.join(app_path, 'requirements.txt')):
            analysis['framework'] = 'python'
            analysis['dependencies'].extend(self._analyze_python_deps(app_path))

        # Check for stateful components
        stateful_indicators = ['database', 'mysql', 'postgres', 'mongodb', 'redis']
        for indicator in stateful_indicators:
            if self._check_for_pattern(app_path, indicator):
                analysis['has_state'] = True
                analysis['recommendations'].append(
                    f'Consider using Cloud SQL or managed database for {indicator}'
                )

        # Check for configuration
        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(app_path, 'config')) or \
           os.path.exists(os.path.join(app_path, '.env')):
            analysis['has_config'] = True
            analysis['recommendations'].append('Use ConfigMaps and Secrets for configuration')

        return analysis

    def generate_migration_artifacts(self, app_name: str,
                                   app_analysis: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, str]:
        """Generate Kubernetes artifacts for migration"""

        artifacts = {}

        # Generate Dockerfile if needed
        if not app_analysis.get('has_dockerfile', False):
            dockerfile = self._generate_dockerfile(app_analysis['framework'])
            artifacts['Dockerfile'] = dockerfile

        # Generate Kubernetes manifests
        deployment = {
            'apiVersion': 'apps/v1',
            'kind': 'Deployment',
            'metadata': {
                'name': app_name,
                'labels': {
                    'app': app_name,
                    'version': 'v1'
                }
            },
            'spec': {
                'replicas': 3,
                'selector': {
                    'matchLabels': {
                        'app': app_name
                    }
                },
                'template': {
                    'metadata': {
                        'labels': {
                            'app': app_name,
                            'version': 'v1'
                        },
                        'annotations': {
                            'sidecar.istio.io/inject': 'true'
                        }
                    },
                    'spec': {
                        'containers': [{
                            'name': app_name,
                            'image': f'gcr.io/{self.project_id}/{app_name}:latest',
                            'ports': [{
                                'containerPort': 8080,
                                'name': 'http'
                            }],
                            'env': [{
                                'name': 'PORT',
                                'value': '8080'
                            }],
                            'resources': {
                                'requests': {
                                    'cpu': '100m',
                                    'memory': '128Mi'
                                },
                                'limits': {
                                    'cpu': '500m',
                                    'memory': '512Mi'
                                }
                            },
                            'livenessProbe': {
                                'httpGet': {
                                    'path': '/health',
                                    'port': 8080
                                },
                                'initialDelaySeconds': 30,
                                'periodSeconds': 10
                            },
                            'readinessProbe': {
                                'httpGet': {
                                    'path': '/ready',
                                    'port': 8080
                                },
                                'initialDelaySeconds': 5,
                                'periodSeconds': 5
                            }
                        }]
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        service = {
            'apiVersion': 'v1',
            'kind': 'Service',
            'metadata': {
                'name': app_name,
                'labels': {
                    'app': app_name
                }
            },
            'spec': {
                'selector': {
                    'app': app_name
                },
                'ports': [{
                    'name': 'http',
                    'port': 80,
                    'targetPort': 8080
                }]
            }
        }

        # Add stateful components if needed
        if app_analysis.get('has_state', False):
            statefulset = self._generate_statefulset(app_name)
            artifacts['statefulset.yaml'] = yaml.dump(statefulset)

        artifacts['deployment.yaml'] = yaml.dump(deployment)
        artifacts['service.yaml'] = yaml.dump(service)

        # Generate migration script
        migration_script = self._generate_migration_script(app_name, artifacts.keys())
        artifacts['migrate.sh'] = migration_script

        return artifacts

    def _generate_dockerfile(self, framework: str) -> str:
        """Generate Dockerfile based on framework"""

        dockerfiles = {
            'java-maven': '''
FROM maven:3.8-openjdk-11 AS build
WORKDIR /app
COPY pom.xml .
RUN mvn dependency:go-offline
COPY src ./src
RUN mvn package -DskipTests

FROM openjdk:11-jre-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=build /app/target/*.jar app.jar
EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]
            ''',
            'nodejs': '''
FROM node:16-alpine AS build
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --only=production

FROM node:16-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=build /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY . .
EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["node", "server.js"]
            ''',
            'python': '''
FROM python:3.9-slim AS build
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

FROM python:3.9-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=build /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages
COPY . .
EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["python", "app.py"]
            '''
        }

        return dockerfiles.get(framework, dockerfiles['nodejs'])

    def _generate_statefulset(self, app_name: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Generate StatefulSet for stateful applications"""

        return {
            'apiVersion': 'apps/v1',
            'kind': 'StatefulSet',
            'metadata': {
                'name': f'{app_name}-db'
            },
            'spec': {
                'serviceName': f'{app_name}-db',
                'replicas': 3,
                'selector': {
                    'matchLabels': {
                        'app': f'{app_name}-db'
                    }
                },
                'template': {
                    'metadata': {
                        'labels': {
                            'app': f'{app_name}-db'
                        }
                    },
                    'spec': {
                        'containers': [{
                            'name': 'database',
                            'image': 'postgres:13',
                            'ports': [{
                                'containerPort': 5432,
                                'name': 'postgres'
                            }],
                            'volumeMounts': [{
                                'name': 'data',
                                'mountPath': '/var/lib/postgresql/data'
                            }],
                            'env': [{
                                'name': 'POSTGRES_DB',
                                'value': app_name
                            }, {
                                'name': 'POSTGRES_PASSWORD',
                                'valueFrom': {
                                    'secretKeyRef': {
                                        'name': f'{app_name}-db-secret',
                                        'key': 'password'
                                    }
                                }
                            }]
                        }]
                    }
                },
                'volumeClaimTemplates': [{
                    'metadata': {
                        'name': 'data'
                    },
                    'spec': {
                        'accessModes': ['ReadWriteOnce'],
                        'resources': {
                            'requests': {
                                'storage': '10Gi'
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }]
            }
        }

    def _generate_migration_script(self, app_name: str,
                                 artifact_files: List[str]) -> str:
        """Generate migration script"""

        script = f'''#!/bin/bash
set -e

echo "Starting migration of {app_name} to Anthos..."

# Build and push container image
echo "Building container image..."
docker build -t gcr.io/{self.project_id}/{app_name}:latest .
docker push gcr.io/{self.project_id}/{app_name}:latest

# Apply Kubernetes manifests
echo "Deploying to Kubernetes..."
'''

        for file in artifact_files:
            if file.endswith('.yaml'):
                script += f'kubectl apply -f {file}\n'

        script += '''
# Wait for deployment
echo "Waiting for deployment to be ready..."
kubectl wait --for=condition=available --timeout=300s deployment/''' + app_name + '''

echo "Migration completed successfully!"
echo "Application URL: $(kubectl get service ''' + app_name + ''' -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')"
'''

        return script

    def _analyze_maven_deps(self, app_path: str) -> List[str]:
        """Analyze Maven dependencies"""
        # Simplified - would parse pom.xml in production
        return ['spring-boot', 'mysql-connector']

    def _analyze_npm_deps(self, app_path: str) -> List[str]:
        """Analyze NPM dependencies"""
        # Simplified - would parse package.json in production
        return ['express', 'mongoose']

    def _analyze_python_deps(self, app_path: str) -> List[str]:
        """Analyze Python dependencies"""
        # Simplified - would parse requirements.txt in production
        return ['flask', 'sqlalchemy']

    def _check_for_pattern(self, app_path: str, pattern: str) -> bool:
        """Check if pattern exists in application files"""
        # Simplified - would do actual file scanning in production
        return False

Best Practices and Patterns

1. Cluster Management

  • Use Fleet management for consistent configuration
  • Implement proper cluster naming conventions
  • Enable workload identity for all clusters
  • Use separate clusters for different environments

2. Security

  • Enable Binary Authorization for container images
  • Implement Pod Security Policies
  • Use service mesh for mTLS
  • Regular security scanning and updates

3. Networking

  • Design for multi-region deployments
  • Implement proper network segmentation
  • Use Multi-cluster Ingress for global load balancing
  • Monitor cross-cluster latency

4. Observability

  • Implement unified logging across clusters
  • Use distributed tracing for service mesh
  • Create SLOs for critical services
  • Set up proper alerting

5. Cost Optimization

  • Right-size cluster nodes
  • Use autoscaling appropriately
  • Implement resource quotas
  • Monitor and optimize cross-region traffic

Next Steps

Remember that Anthos provides a comprehensive platform for modernizing applications and managing them consistently across hybrid and multi-cloud environments. Proper implementation ensures portability, consistency, and enterprise-grade security.